1. INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT
China
Zhongguancun Science Park, Beijing, China
Tel. (010)-6256-2871, FAX : (010)-6256-2871
Deputy Director : Prof. Dr. Wang Chen, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology.
Italian Project Leader: Prof. Dr. Wang Chen
Russia
Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IRE-RSA)
Vvedenski sq.1, Fryazino, Moscow region, 141190 Russia
Tel. (495) 78556391459
Director: Academic Prof. Dr. Yuri Gulaev
Head of laboratory Prof. Dr. Vjacheslav Meriakri
Russian Project Leader: Dr. Boris Garin
1. Introduction to the field
Creation and study of nanomaterials is one of the most important problems. Nanomatter has some specific features.
One of this features is connected with the fact, that from one side in nanoscales quantum nature of matter play
an impotant role, from other side à nanomatter has also mayn features of macroscopic matter.
Thus nanomatter are regarded as a mesoscopic matter. The mechanism of the responce of such matter on external
excitation is connected with nanoscles, mesoscales and macroscoals interactions. Mesoscopic properties of nanosystems
is also connected with the fact, that size of the nanopartiscles is of the order of radius of interatomic interection.
Thus nanoparticles interect with each other and with environment ny the other way as the macroparticle.
The next feature of nanomatter is that flucations in such matter are of oreder of average values.
In the mean time static properties of nanomatter are muchmore studied as a dynamics properties.
Responce of nanomatter on electromagnetic field is ne of the most basic dynamic properties of matter,
that reflect thier intrinsic properties, that are coonected with interaction of the matter with electromagnetic fields.
Electromagnetic responce is contactless method for study of absorption, refraction, complex conductivity
and dielectic properties and thier dispersion and gives unique information about dynamic of nanomatter.
In radio-microwave and mm wave frequency ranges such responce more macroscopic techniques, which are able
to handle the whole as-grown sample. Nature of electromagnetic response is connected with microscopic,
mesoscopic and macroscopic levels of interaction. Mechanism of such interaction are determinated
by the intrinsic properties of nanomatter and interaction inside nanomatter.
In the mean time static properties of nanomatter are muchmore studied as a dynamics properties.
Responce of nanomatter on electromagnetic field is ne of the most basic dynamic properties of matter,
that reflect thier intrinsic properties, that are coonected with interaction of the matter with electromagnetic fields.
Electromagnetic responce is contactless method for study of absorption, refraction,
complex conductivity and dielectic properties and thier dispersion and gives unique
information about dynamic of nanomatter. In radio-microwave and mm wave frequency ranges
such responce more macroscopic techniques, which are able to handle the whole as-grown sample.
Nature of electromagnetic response is connected with microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels of interaction.
Mechanism of such interaction are determinated by the intrinsic properties of nanomatter and interaction inside nanomatter.
Responce of every electromagnetic wave frequency range is connected from one side on mechanism of processes
of such frequencies or energies, on the other hand with the wavelength typical for this frequency range.
Different interaction have different time and energy scale and can manifest itself in different frequency ranges
or reveal different features in different frequency ranges. In such study the frequency, as an additional parameter
to the temperature. Thus research of electromagnetic response of the nanomatter can give the most full picture
of dynamic processes in nanomatter during interaction with electromagnetic field. Basic problem of this project
is connected with the study of electromagnetic response of nanomatter in wide frequency ranges from inralow
to MM wave range.
Brief introduction what has been accomplished by Russia partner
Concrete basic problems to be solved in the project.
1. Theoretical analysis of the nature of dielectric loss at the millimeter and terahertz ranges for different nanomaterials.
2. Experimental research of the dielectric properties, complex dielectric permittivity and their dependence äëÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ âèäîâ íàíîìàòåðèè in wide frequency range from RF to mm and sub mm wave range.
3. Theoretical and experimental study dependence of carrier transport properties in wide frequency range from RF to MM waves. This study includes attempts of experimental search for the low energy excitations of the Tomonaga Luttinger liquid collective modes in the carbon nanotubes at GHz frequencies.
4. Theoretical and experimental study inter-nanotube interaction, nanotube interconnects, and their influence on dielectric properties in wide frequency range. Study in what of frequency range effect of quantum inductance and quantum capacitance reveal itself.
5. Study of possibility for percolation, isolator-metal transition transition in ac responce of nanomatter.
6. Theoretical and experimental search for universality of in response of nanomatter in in wide frequency range.
List of previous publications.
1. V.V. Meriakri et al.; Submillimeter beam waveguide spectroscopy and its applications, in book “Problems of modern radio engineering and electronics” / ed. by V.A.Kotelnikov, Nauka Publishers, Moscow, p. 179 - 197, 1985.
2. A.N. Kopnin, V.V. Meriakri, “Millimeter wave spectrometer and its application”, Proc. of Third International Kharkov Symposium “Physics and Engineering of Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves” (MSMW'98), Vol.2, pp.685 - 686, 1998. (invited).
3. V.I.Zagatin, V.V.Meriakri, G.S.Misezhnikov, E.E.Chigrya, V.B.Shtenshleger; Reflection and Absorption Characteristics of Various Physical Objects in a Millimeter Radio-Wave Range. - Doklady Physics, v.45, N.10, p.510, 2001.
4. V.B. Steinschleger, V.V. Meriakri et al., «Reflecting and transmitting properties of physical objects in MM region.» ? Russian Academy Reports (Doklady), Vol. 374, No.4, p.476 - 477, 2000. 5. V.V. Meriakri, “Material Properties in the millimeter range” Proc. of 3th Kharkov Int. Symp. “Physics and Engineering of Millimeter and Submillimeter waves”, Kharkov, Ukraine, Vol. 1, pp. 121 - 123, 1998. (invited).
5. V.V. Meriakri, H.C.C. Fernandes; “Materials for application in MM and subMM ranges”, Proc. of 1999 SBMIIEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave and Optoelectronics Conf., Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Vol. 2, p.532 - 534, Aug. 1999. (invited)
6. V.V. Meriakri, “Low-loss materials for application in millimeter and submillimeter wave range”, in book «The Science and Technology of Millimetre Wave Components and Devices», ed. By V.E. Lyubchenko, Vol. 12 of «Electrocomponent Science Monographs» ed by Donald de Cogan, Taylor and Francis, London and NY, pp.117 - 132, 2001.
7. V.V. Meriakri, E.E. Chigrai, D. Kim, I.P. Nikitin, L.I. Pangonis, M.P. Parkhomenko, J. H. Won, “Dielectric Properties of Water Solutions with Small Content of Sugar and Glucose in the Millimeter Wave Band and the Determination of Glucose in Blood”, 12th Int. Symp. on Microwave Aquametry, May 2005, Weimar, Germany, p. 13 - 22. (invited); Korean J. of Physics (in press).
B.M. Garin, Sov. Phys. Solid State, 1990, Vol. 32, pp. 1917 – 1920.].
8. I.A. Chmutin, A.T. Ponomarenko, E.P. Krinichnaya, L.I. Tkachenko, A.P. Lisitskaya, G.I.Kozub and O.N.Efimov, ”Conductivity of the single wall nanotubes-polyacetylene composites”, 5th Biennale Int. Workshop in Russia (IWFAC 2001), July 2–6, 2001, St.Petersburg, Russia. Abstracts of invited Lectures & Contributed Papers. Fullerenes and Atomic Clusters., p.219.
9. I.A. Tchmutin, A.T. Ponomarenko, E.P. Krinichnaya, G.I. Kozub, O.N. Efimov, “Electrical properties of composites based on conjugated polymers and conductive fillers”, Carbon, 2003, Vol. 41, pp. 1391 – 1395
10.B.M. Garin, A.V. Galdetskii, “Two phonon absorption in polymer crystals at IR range”, Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR), 1981, Vol. 50, No. 5, p. 540.].
11.B.M. Garin, V.V. Parshin, V.G. Ralchenko, et al., "Losses in diamond in the millimeter range", Technical Phys. Lett., 1999, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 288 – 289].
12. B.M. Garin, M.P. Parkhomenko, V.V. Parshin, S.E. Myasnikova, R. Heidinger, I. Danilov, J. Molla, V.G. Ralchenko, V.N. Derkach, S.I. Tarapov, “Dielectric losses in CVD diamonds at frequencies 1 kHz - 200 GHz and temperatures 70 - 800 K”, Proc. of Seventh Applied Diamond Conf./Third Frontier Carbon Technology Joint Conf. (ADC/FCT 2003), Tsukuba, Japan, Aug. 18 - 21, 2003/
13. M. Murakawa, M. Miyoshi, Y. Koga, et al., editors, NASA, USA, Aug. 2003, Vol. NASA/CP--2003-212319, pp.297 - 302.
14. B.M. Garin, V.V. Parshin, S.E. Myasnikova, V.G. Ralchenko, "Nature of millimeter wave losses in low loss CVD diamonds", Diamond & Related Materials, Vol.12, No.10-11, pp.1755 - 1759 (2003).
15. V.V. Parshin, B.M. Garin, V.N. Derkach, R. Heidinger, V.I. Konov, L.V. Lyapin, J. Molla, V.G. Ralchenko, "CVD diamonds for microelectronics and electronics of high powers", Proc. of 5th Int. Kharkov Symp. “Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and SubMillimeter Waves”, Kharkov, Ukraine, June 21 - 26, 2004, pp.60 - 65. (invited, plenary).
16.V. Parshin, B. Garin, S. Myasnikova, A. Orlenekov, Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, “Dielectric losses in CVD diamonds in the millimeter-wave range at temperatures 300 - 900 K”, 2004, Vol.47, No.12, pp.974 - 981.
17. V.I. Polyakov, A.I. Rukovishnikov, B.M. Garin, L.A. Avdeeva, R. Heidinger, V.V. Parshin, V.G. Ralchenko, “Electrically active defects, conductivity, and MM wave dielectric loss in CVD diamonds”, Diamond and Related Materials, 2005, Vol. 14 (No.3-7), pp. 604 - 607; V.I. Polyakov, 18. A.I. Rukovishnikov, B.M. Garin, L.A. Avdeeva, R. Heidinger, V.G. Ralchenko, Abstract at 15th European Conf. on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides & Silicon Carbide, Riva Del Garda, Italy, 12?17 Sept. 2004, paper 5.3.8.
19. V.V. Parshin, V.N. Derkach, B.M. Garin, R. Heidinger, J. Molla, V.G. Ralchenko, S.I. Tarapov, I. Danilov, S.E. Myasnikova, V.I. Polyakov, A.I. Rukovishnikov, "Dielectric losses in CVD diamonds at frequencies 1 kHz - 360 GHz and temperatures 0.9 - 900 K", Digest of the Joint 30th Int. Conf. on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th Int. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics, Sept. 19 - 23, 2005, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA, pp.22 – 23.
20 V.V. Meriakri and al. Basic Investigation for the Non-invasive Measurement of Blood Glucose Concentrations by Millimeter Waves. Journal of the IEEK (Korea), 2005, vol. 42, sc-1, pp. 39-46.
21. S.V. von Gratovski, V.V. Meriakri, L.I. Pangonis, Microwave monitoring of deep frying oils, Inform, August 2005, vol. 18(7-8), pp.484-485
Method of reseach.
Some of experimental research of the complex permittivity of the nanomatter at the 3 - 360 GHz range.
The frequency dependencies of the real and imagine dielectric permittivity will be established at the given range
in relation to parameters characterizing different carbon nanotubes. At the experimental measurements
during the whole project the techniques will be used based on the measurement module and phase of transmitted
and reflected waves in metal, quasioptical, and dielectric waveguides. Also the measurements of the field polarization
and structure will be made. Some measurements will be made in special cells providing the necessary external
influence on the specimens. The Scalar Network Analyzers for frequencies 2 - 200 GHz and wave guiding components
for these ranges as well as original spectrometers for frequencies 200-500 GHz. will be used. Also the magnets
with magnetic field up to14 kOe will be used.
At the 3 - 30 GHz the metal resonators will be used with the possibilities to place the specimens
to the loops of both electric and magnetic field of the electromagnetic wave.
The permittivity and permeability in the frequency range 3 - 30 GHz will be measured using microwave cavity
perturbation method with the aid of rectangular resonators. The samples in the form of rectangular parallelepiped
are placed at the antinode of the microwave electric and magnetic field of resonator in turn to separate the measurements
of permittivity and permeability. The sample size are varied from 2x2x80 mm at frequency 3 GHz to 0,3x0,3x8 mm at frequency
30 GHz. We use the original method of measurement of resonator Q value to increase sensitivity and accuracy of the measurements. The measurements are realized at room temperature. It is possible to measure at temperatures 20 - 450 Ñ in the frequency range 8 - 17 GHz.
The horn antenna method is used to measure the transmission and reflection coefficients in the frequency range 2.6 - 37 GHz.
We use reflectometers to measure these parameters in the frequency range 8 - 175 GHz.
A tunable Back-ward Wave Oscillator (BWO) is used as a generator in the measurements the transmission and reflection
coefficients at submillimeter waves (in the frequency range 250 - 375 GHz). The measuring section has quasioptic scheme.
It is based on metal-dielectric waveguide with cross-section area 10x10 mm and operating wave LM11. This type of waveguide
has low reflection coefficient of operating wave from waveguide aperture. It allows to put investigated samples in the gap
of waveguide section and increase the measurement accuracy.
The permanent external electrical (up to 10 kV/mm) and magnetic (up to 4 kOe) field can be applied to the sample during
all measurements.
At 25 - 90 GHz range the standard Network Analyzers will be used. At the range >90 GHz the original spectrometers
will be used developed by the group with the quasioptical nonreflecting lens beam-guides.
Original measurement technique dielectric parameters of materials and media provides the possibility
to eliminate the measurement errors connected with the reflections in the metrical line and to work
with the specimens of relatively small dimensions compared to usual quasioptic techniques.
In contrary to the case of metal waveguides, here is not necessary to use the specimens with transversal
form corresponding to the waveguide. Also, due to the open measurement line, here are the additional
possibilities for the study of the external influences (temperature, external fields, etc.).
Working plan
1. Theoretical analysis of the dielectric loss at the millimeter and terahertz ranges in the carbon nanotubes. The of polarization and loss mechanisms. (Russian partner, 1 - 21 months).
2. Theoretical analysis of the phase changes in the nanomatter. (Russian partner, 1-21 months).
4. Development of the waveguide, resonator, and quasi-optical techniques for the measurements complex transmission and reflection coefficients of samples as well as anisotropy of the carbon nanotubes and their composites at the 3?360 GHz range. (Russian partner, 1?12 months).
5. Experimental research of the complex permittivity of the carbon nanotubes at the 3 - 360 GHz range. (Russian and Japanese partners, 1 - 24 months).
6. Experimental study of properties of the nanotubes at the 3 - 360 GHz range and temperatures 80 - 400 K. (Russian partner, 13 - 24 months).
7. Experimental study of properties of the nanotubes at the 3 - 360 GHz range in external electric field (up to 10 kV/cm). (Russian partner, 13 - 24 months).
8. Experimental study of properties of the nanotubes at the 3 - 360 GHz range in external magnetic field (up to 10 kOe). (Russian partner, 13 - 24 months).
12. Incorporation of all experimental and theoretical results. Comparison of experimental results with theory. Selections of the models. Evaluation of conclusions. (Russian and China partners, 19 - 24 months).
4. Expected achievement annually
(to the end of firts year of research)
Russia
Frequency dependences of complex dielectric permittivity of carbon nanotubes with different conductivity and
composite materials with carbon nanotubes in 3-360 Ghz frequency range will be obtained. Study of imaginary part
of complex dielectric permittivity in microwave and MM wave frequency will be measured for the first time.
Also study of complex dielectric permittivity of carbon nanotubes with different conductivity was not studied up to now.
Temperature dependences of complex dielectric permittivity of carbon nanotubes with different conductivity
and composite materials with carbon nanotubes in 3-360 Ghz frequency range for temperature range from
liquid nitrogen to room temperature will be obtained. For the first time in this project is proposed,
study of imaginary part of complex dielectric permittivity, that is connected with the dielectric losses.
In the mean time there is no publication about temperature dependences of complex dielectric permittivity
of carbon nanotubes with different conductivity.
Theoretical analysis of the mechanism of dielectric loss at the wide frequency range in the carbon nanotubes
will be carried out. Such theoretical work is connected with the study of dielectric losses,
and to the most part with the losses that are not connected with the conductivity. Such theoretical study was
not carried out early. Also experimental data that are needed for such work don t exist in the mean time.
But these experimental data will be obtained in this project. Theoretical and experimental study will
be carried out at the same time.
Influence of phase transition on dielectric properties of carbon nanotubes will be found.
RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT
1. Dr. Garin Boris Michailovich, Leading Scientist, Project leader
2.Prof. Dr. Vjacheslav Vjacheslavovich Meriakri, Head of Laboratory
3.Dr. Svetlana Vjacheslavovna von Gratowski, Scientific Researcher
4.Dr. Chmutin Igor Anatolievich, Senior researcher
5. Dr. Ryvkina Natalia Gennadievna, Senior researcher
6. Dr. Chigriai Evgenii Evgen’evich, Leading Scientist
7. Dr. Parkhomenko Mikhail Pavlovich, Senior researcher
8. Dr. Nikitin Ivan Petrovich, Senior researcher
9. Prgikkovsky Jan Vladimirovich, engineer.
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